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The purpose of this document is to communicate the annual progress for each individual research project in the Research and Advanced Concepts Office (RACO) basic research program at the United States Army Research Institute for th...
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The purpose of this document is to communicate the annual progress for each individual research project in the Research and Advanced Concepts Office (RACO) basic research program at the United States Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences (ARI). The summaries contained herein are written by the scientists who are performing the work and provide a snapshot of their continuing efforts. In addition, RACO conducts a more detailed in-progress review of each project each year. If successful, the projects within RACO's basic research program will lay the foundations for many of ARI's future applied behavioral research efforts. These summaries serve as guideposts for ensuring that our basic research results transition to ARI' 5 applied research programs.
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Army scientists have been in the forefront of the behavioral and social science research that underlies the selection and classification of personnel for generations. In many ways, the history of the United States Armys selection...
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Army scientists have been in the forefront of the behavioral and social science research that underlies the selection and classification of personnel for generations. In many ways, the history of the United States Armys selection and classification research is the history of selection and classification testing in general. The research in selection and classification described in this volume is a case study in the development of ideas, the conduct of basic and applied research, and its continued successful application to significant and critical personnel issues. The research is placed not only in a historical context, but also in the context of current day Army selection and classification procedures. This book documents military research contributions, over a 90 year time span, leading to the important decisions that the Army makes today about whom to select and what jobs to assign to them. It also tells the story of the scientific contributions Army researchers have made over the years to the personnel testing literature and practice.
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This report covers results of two research tasks: (1) evaluating the relative strength of Mayer's trustworthiness indicators in both a collectivistic and individualistic culture; (2) examining the relationship between cognitive load and trust.
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On July 26, 2011, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services issued an advance notice of proposed rulemaking (ANPRM) with the purpose of soliciting comments on how current regulations for protecting research participants und...
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On July 26, 2011, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services issued an advance notice of proposed rulemaking (ANPRM) with the purpose of soliciting comments on how current regulations for protecting research participants under Title 45, Part 46 in the Code of Federal Regulations (the Common Rule) could be modernized and revised. The rationale for revising the regulations was as follows: This ANPRM seeks comment on how to better protect human subjects who are involved in research, while facilitating valuable research and reducing burden, delay, and ambiguity for investigators. The current regulations governing human subjects research were developed years ago when research was predominantly conducted at universities, colleges, and medical institutions, and each study generally took place at only a single site. Although the regulations have been amended over the years, they have not kept pace with the evolving human research enterprise, the proliferation of multisite clinical trials and observational studies, the expansion of health services research, research in the social and behavioral sciences, and research involving databases, the Internet, and biological specimen repositories, and the use of advanced technologies, such as genomics. (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2011, p. 44512).
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Humankind now stands at a special moment in its long history of thinking about the brain, a moment of revolutionary change in the kinds of questions that can be asked and the kinds of answers that can be achieved. Fundamental shif...
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Humankind now stands at a special moment in its long history of thinking about the brain, a moment of revolutionary change in the kinds of questions that can be asked and the kinds of answers that can be achieved. Fundamental shifts include: The Scope and Scale of Experimental Investigations: Instead of one- or few-at-a-time measurements, it is becoming possible to measure brain structure, chemistry, and activity simultaneously at many locations with high specificity and spatial/temporal resolution. The Character of Theoretical Understanding: Instead of mainly bottom-up or top-down models and theories, it is becoming possible to formulate comprehensive multi-scale models that are both bottom-up and top-down and include relevant dynamics at different spatial and temporal scales. The Ways in Which Knowledge Can Be Used: Applications for the emerging multi-disciplinary knowledge about the brain abound: In large-scale neural simulations, in robots and other engineered systems that mimic biological systems, and in brain-computer interfaces that enable bi-directional communication for next-generation neural prostheses. In this time of change there are significant unexploited opportunities for mutual scientific benefit between brain science and the physical and mathematical sciences, computer science, and engineering. Four broad areas of opportunity were identified: Because of its strong record of leadership in the physical and mathematical sciences, computer science, and engineering, NSF is well-positioned to enable and exploit the following opportunities: Opportunities in Instrumentation and Measurement: New instruments, probes, and experimental tools are needed for comprehensive measurement of the structure, chemistry, and activity of individual nerve cells and neural populations in functioning neural systems. Such tools will permit vastly improved experimental studies of neural dynamics that accompany development, learning, cognition, and behavior. Opportunities in Data Analysis, Statistical Modeling, and Informatics: The availability of immense quantities of high-resolution data in turn will demand new statistical tools and models, and new informatics capabilities for storage, representation, and modeling of high-throughput multiresolution data. New approaches for inferring association, linkage, and causality will be required. Opportunities in Conceptual and Theoretical Approaches: Advances in analysis and modeling of comprehensive multi-scale data will enable the exploration of much richer conceptual and theoretical approaches to understanding the brain at all levels. New mathematical approaches to understanding very high-dimensional, non-linear, non-stationary, multi-scale systems will be required. Opportunities in Building Brain-like Devices and Systems: Improved understanding of the brain, combined with advances in engineering capabilities, will permit revolutionary advances in neurally inspired computing and information processing, in the design of robots and other engineered systems that mimic biological capabilities, and in brain-computer interfaces that enable bi-directional communication with the brain in real time.
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The 2011 Socio-Cultural Computing, Behavior Modeling, and Prediction (SBP) conference in 2011 was held in March 2011 in College Park, MD. Prior to this, three editions of the Social Computing, Behavior Modeling, and Prediction Con...
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The 2011 Socio-Cultural Computing, Behavior Modeling, and Prediction (SBP) conference in 2011 was held in March 2011 in College Park, MD. Prior to this, three editions of the Social Computing, Behavior Modeling, and Prediction Conference were held in 2008 and 2009 in Phoenix, AZ, and in Bethesda, MD in 2010. At the same time, there have been three past editions of the International Conference on Computational Cultural Dynamics (ICCCD) which has also had a similar goal: develop the scientific underpinnings to support automated and semi-automated learning of the behaviors of models of groups (taken broadly to mean cultural groups, tribe, terror groups, political organizations, etc.) and for the formulation of policy towards such groups that would best serve US interests.
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This report represents a distillation of current social, behavioral, and economic (SBE) research findings on violent extremism: What is the cultural basis for violent extremism and radicalization. What motivates individuals and gr...
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This report represents a distillation of current social, behavioral, and economic (SBE) research findings on violent extremism: What is the cultural basis for violent extremism and radicalization. What motivates individuals and groups to violence, and how is that risk measured. How does our understanding of these findings educate the mitigation of extremism. Can it be prevented or reversed. These and other topics are outlined here to open a forward-looking dialog in the research and policy community that will be crucial to formulating future research direction and for addressing this pressing national concern. This paper collection focuses less on root causes and more on solutions for risk management, disengagement (including delegitimization), and prevention of violent extremism. It also tackles the thorny issue of state terror, a subject that must enter any discussion of solutions for countering violent extremism. Ultimately, it is hoped that the paper collection can inform a better understanding of, and suggest sets of solutions for, motivating individuals and groups to desist from violence and preventing other individuals and groups from seeking involvement in movements/groups that seek to bring about change through violence. Throughout the collection, there is an undercurrent of do no harm ; that is, concomitant with suggestions for stopping or preventing violent extremisms, there are cautions an errors to avoid. These cautions implicitly ask the reader to think about things in a different way, in a way that avoids mirroring and simplistic assumptions of what others think or value and widens the timeframe in which we measure success or failure. Many goals related to countering violent extremism, especially disengagement/risk management and prevention require patience and a commitment for the long haul.
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